?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? (???????? ?? 29 ????? 2026)
?????. ?????????? ????? ?????
?. ????? ????? ??????
- ????? ???????: ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????/?? (???? ≥??,??)? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????.
- ????? ???????: ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????/?? (??????? ??????)? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????.
- ??????? ??????: ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????/?? (???? ≥??,??)? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.
?. ????? ????? ????????
- ??????? ???????? ????????: ??????? ???? ?????–????? ???? ????/?? (???? ???–??,??) ?? ????? ??????? — ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? — ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????.
- ??????? ????????? ????????: ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????/?? (???? ≥??,??) ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????.
?. ????? ???? ???????
- ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????/?? (?????: ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????/?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????/??)? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????.
??????. ????? ????? ?????
?. ???? ?????
- ????? ?????? ?????????: ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? — ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? — ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????.
- ????? ????????: ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????.
?. ???? ?????
- ????????? ?????????: ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? — ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? — ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????.
- ????????? ???????: ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????.
?. ???? ???????
- ??? ????? ????? ?????: ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??–?? ????? ??????/????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????.
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? — ????? ?????? ??????????? — ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
??????. ??????? ???????? ?????
?. ????? ???????
- ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????.
- ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????.
?. ????? ???????
- ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????.
?. ????? ????
- ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????/?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????.
??????. ???????? ??????????
?. ????? ?????? (?–? ????)
- ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????–????? ???? ????/??.
- ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????.
?. ????? ??????? (?–? ????)
- ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? (??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????) ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? — ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??.
- ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????.
?. ????? ?????? (?–?? ?????)
- ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????.
- ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? — ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????.
Intermediates of Liquid Crystals
Heptanoic acid has a disagreeable rancid odor. The spectroscopically pure acid exhibits a faint tallow-like odor. Heptanoic acid may be prepared by oxidation of heptaldehyde with potassium permanganate in diluted sulfuric acid.
Guidechem assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this site. The information contained in this site is provided on an “as is” basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness, fitness for purpose or timeliness.